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Saturday Ramble: William James – visionary philosopher

William James It is the centenary of the death of William James, the Harvard professor who wrote deathlessly about the psychology of religious experience. He is something of a luminary to me, but I didn’t expect much fuss on this side of the Atlantic.

Just occasionally the BBC plays out of its socks though. Back in May, Melvyn Bragg featured James and his signature book The Varieties of Religious Experience: A Study in Human Nature on his Radio 4 Thursday morning programme, In Our Time. It covered most of the bases.

Martin E. Marty captures James’s literary essence perfectly in his introduction to the Penguin Classics edition: [The book] is a classic that is too psychological to have shaped most religious inquiry and too religious to have influenced much psychological research.”

James was a pioneer of a fusion genre that took in C.G. Jung, D.T. Suzuki, writers such as Colin Wilson and, dare I say, yours truly, who believe that the truth lies in the cracks between the tidy categories invented by pseudo scientific researchers.

William James was a natural-born phenomenologist, taking experience at face value and placing it before torrid theoretical exposition.

Here’s part of a section on James from my book The Eternal Quest for Immortality, which illustrates the point:

The author of The Varieties of Religious Experience, William James had similar moments of revelation:

“I can best describe the condition in which I was by calling it a state of equilibrium. When all at once I experienced a feeling of being raised above myself, I felt the presence of God — I tell of the thing just as I was conscious of it — as if his goodness and his power were penetrating me altogether … I think I may add that in this ecstasy of mine God had neither form, colour, odour, nor taste; moreover, that the feeling of his presence was accompanied by no determinate localization. It was rather as if my personality had been transformed by the presence of a spiritual spirit. But the more I seek words to express this intimate intercourse, the more I feel the impossibility of describing the thing by any of the usual images. At bottom the expression most apt to render what I felt is this: God was present, though invisible; he fell under no one of my senses, yet my consciousness perceived him.”

James was a practised observer of psychological and mystical states, yet when the “thing” happens to him, he is almost rendered speechless. The clunky phrase, “spiritual spirit” typifies how his powers of expression deserted him in the face of transcendent reality. He does grasp the essence of the state, however, in his telling phrase: “… he fell under no one of my senses, yet my consciousness perceived him.”

As a scientist, albeit a 19th-century one, he would have been disconcerted by the fact that he experienced the fullness of the moment while yet deprived of sensory perceptions. The existence of inner senses, distinct from the body-mind senses, was probably unknown to him. Nevertheless, he reported the strange facts just as they came.

William James died on 26 August, 1910. His big book was given as a series of lectures at Edinburgh University. He should be remembered for his agility of mind and pioneering spirit in a field only now coming into its own, one hundred years after his death.

John Evans is the author of The Eternal Quest for Immortality: Is it staring you in the face?

Available from Amazon and all good booksellers.

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Saturday Ramble: Does science beget totalitarianism?

DNA We are being told — not least by the naggers on the Today programme, and the wider BBC — that genetic screening is good for us and will shape the future for the better. We will live longer and healthier lives.

Such is the pressure behind this movement that the NHS and its political masters are discovering ways of reducing costs (read, “increasing costs”) by these methods. DNA tests are now routinely carried out by hospitals and the police, whether people want them or not.

There was a brief moment of clarity on Today last week when a doctor made the obvious point that the clearest genetic test for susceptibility to diseases is to examine the health of relatives, cousins, uncles, aunts and grandparents, for what they caught, and what they died of.

Our genomes are right there before our eyes. No need to get an “expert” to do it for us. Actually, we are all naturally expert at reading genetics. We instinctively spot blood links in people’s faces, skin, bodies and other more subtle signals.

On a trip to northern Belgium more than 20 years ago, I was struck by how the faces on the streets resembled those in Cardiff, South Wales. The Belgae, a Celtic tribe, at one time settled in Wales before the Romans came. The genes are still visible. Or were until the mass migrations of the Labour years.

In Cork in Ireland, and all along the West coast, to this day you can see black-eyed Spanish people, descendants of the Armada wrecked on Irish beaches in Good Queen Bess’s time. And there are more than a few Vikings hanging out in Dublin.

We don’t need blood tests and a genome to work it out. Our genetic inheritance is fully visible and available to us without an array of medical interventions to tell us about ourselves, or others.

In some older American films, when two people decide to get married they go for blood tests to discover if they are compatible to have children. This was a legal requirement in many states, no doubt a hangover from the eugenics movement that swept the West before the Second World War, and was a factor in bringing Hitler to power. It had its origin in Darwinian determinism. Science does have a history of begetting totalitarianism.

Scientists often scorn astrology for its mechanical determinism, but much of science is built around similar assumptions. The new “science” of genometrics, as with cosmology and climate theory, are means of predicting the future by examining small slices of nature and converting the results into mathematical formulae. Even Nostrodamus might laugh.

What’s the difference after all between that and telling fortunes from the entrails of chickens, as the Greeks and Romans did?

Science is given respectability by the enormous amounts of public money spent on it. The Large Hadron Collider must be good because of its size and complexity, not to mention the £6 billion, and rising, it cost to build.

As the good doctor implied last week, the world is arrayed before us in all its glory, openly and honestly. But we choose to outsource our personal phenomenology to a bunch of hucksters and quacks, allied to credulous politicians, who spend our money like ocean swells trying to discover what we know — or should know — already.

We yearn for reassurance, even if it is arrogant nonsense.

Eugenics is making a comeback through genometrics. Who knows what horrors will return in its wake.

John Evans

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Saturday Ramble: The Grain of Things

As it’s a blessedly quiet time in politics, I thought I’d do something completely different this week.

Some readers might remember a short story, called The Minister I published here the Easter before last. It received favourable comments so, time for another.

Most TV detectives have deep-seated character flaws. They are often hopeless alcoholics, depressive, and usually totally disorganized.

Why not a detective who is perfect in every way? A Holmes without the drug habit, a Watson with an incisive intelligence, a Rebus who is not endlessly shambolic?

You are about to meet him: Lama Gampopa.

The Grain of Things
A short story by John Evans

Lama Gampopa Lama Gampopa looked around calmly, sniffing the air, finding it warm, despite the January chill. His expression was one of benign repose, and he moved with a grace that belied his middle years.

The lama checked in at a modest hotel in Sussex Gardens aware that he was the object of much curiosity. Gampopa was always aware. That was his training, to be conscious of all that was going on around him down to the smallest detail.

He had been sent to London to trace and recover some of the lost treasures that had been looted from the monasteries of Tibet and were now appearing on the art markets of the world. He possessed modest funds to buy back whatever he could, but even the Council knew that the haul would be limited.

One particular artefact was the reason for his present visit. It was a codex — an early form of book — called The Treasure of the Dharma Eye. Hand-printed from wooden blocks onto thick, leathery parchment, the manuscript was said to contain the ultimate secret of Enlightenment from one of the Buddha’s closest disciples.

His contact was Jeremy Richardson, a member of one of the many Tibetan support groups that flourish now in the West. Richardson was a former police inspector with CID and knew his way around the London art scene. He was still relatively young and possessed an affable manner, which pleased Gampopa.

“I’m told you have trained as a detective, Lama?”
“Indeed, that is why I am here.”
“With the Indian police force, no doubt?”
“Oh no, it was less formal than that.”

Richardson’s eyebrows lifted.

“Sherlock Holmes, Inspector.”

The ex-policeman’s eyes widened further.

“I have studied the works of that great detective in meticulous detail,” said the lama earnestly. “I have analyzed his distinctive principles and assimilated them thoroughly.”

Richardson held back a smile, but Gampopa spotted it at once.

“You think I am a little naive, perhaps, learning from books of fiction?”
“Oh, no, Lama. It’s just that we’re not taught that at Hendon.”
“Hendon?”
“Our training college for the Metropolitan police in England.”

“Ah!” Gampopa inclined his head in that peculiar way of his, signifying that he understood. “You will realize by now that our ways are different. We do not distinguish between genres, merely between different degrees of usefulness.”

“Yes, of course … admirable.” said Richardson, only half convinced.
“Holmes has now become part of my method.”
“Your method?”
“I follow the grain of things. Everything has a grain, Inspector: life, history, human nature. Try tearing a piece of newspaper. In one direction you can tear a straight line. In the other, you have no control. I follow the grain. I look for the flaws in the thoughts of others … and all things become apparent.”

* * * * *

A trawl around the auction houses produced little enlightenment. There were few Tibetan items for sale in any of them. Moreover, a threat of European taxes had frightened off many potential sellers who had decamped to New York. Some were holding fire until the financial climate was clearer. It seemed a lost cause.

Over coffee in the Strand, Richardson sounded bleak. “I hope this hasn’t been a wild goose chase for you, Lama?”

“If a goose is not wild, there is no need to chase it, Inspector.” And he sat back in his chair as if all the time ever created was at his disposal.

Richardson watched him closely. He was fascinated by this throw-back from a past age who yet seemed to have such effortless mastery of the modern world. He treats it, Richardson thought, as if it doesn’t exist. He passes through it, notes its variations, and passes on, with that invincible serenity as his trade-mark.

“What would you do, Jeremy, if you had a priceless artefact for sale and were here in London now?”

The ex-inspector noted the first name terms. “Well … it’s hard to say … go to New York … or Switzerland.”

“But would you? Would it not be easier to arrange a private sale? Say through agents. After all, these dealers know the people who would want to buy, and one Tibetan piece is very much like another.”

“You may be right. There are underground auctions, but they are fiendishly difficult to approach.”

The lama was thoughtful: “But as a bona fide buyer would I not be welcome at such gatherings?”

“You might. But I’m too well known; there’s no chance for me.”

Gampopa smiled. “Then you will give me the contacts, Jeremy, and I will do the rest.”

* * * * *

Richardson spent the afternoon with some old colleagues at the Met, making a list of those who might be able to help Lama Gampopa. But independent enquiries through the known sources proved fruitless. He met up with the lama at his hotel after supper.

“We’ve hit the wall, Lama,” he said wearily. “There’s nothing stirring in the undergrowth.”

The lama smiled slowly. “I think I have had better luck Jeremy, my friend.”
“Don’t tell me … you’ve been following the grain!”
“Think for a moment … who would have his ear to the ground? Why, the best known Tibetophile in the world. If the codex is up for sale in London, don’t you suppose he would be here?”

Richardson was intrigued. “Who are we talking about?”
“Hiram B. Wannamaker the Third.”
“You’re serious?”

“He is known to be a great collector of artefacts. But more than that, he has a genuine interest in our culture, which means more to him than mere objects. And being an American, if he were here in London, the Embassy would almost certainly know about it.”

“That follows. So we must go there first thing…”
“I have already been,” the lama twinkled. “He is staying at Claridges.”
“Then tomorrow…”
“I visited him at once. Luckily, I caught him at afternoon tea.”

Richardson cast a rueful glance at this surprisingly mercurial lama. “And the upshot?”

“The codex is being auctioned at a private house off Park Lane tomorrow morning. Hiram, naturally, is going. And, Jeremy, I am to go as his adviser on the Tibetan language.”

* * * * *

Richardson waited impatiently in the bar at Claridges for the return of the two men. It seemed an age, and he was beginning to feel distinctly left out of things. Eventually, he was asked to go up to Mr Wannamaker’s suite, where Hiram and the lama awaited him. On a small coffee table rested the precious codex. It was almost two feet in length and had an air of great age about it.

“Jeremy, we have it. Hiram has been successful in his bid. But you can’t imagine how much he had to pay.”

Wannamaker seemed overjoyed. “Worth every cent, Mr Richardson. If this document contains the secret of Enlightenment, what possible earthly price could you put on it.”

Lama Gampopa gingerly opened the codex leaf by leaf, examining the sometimes faded script in a gentle rocking movement of his head, like a speed reader.

“It is all here, gentlemen. Everything we expected.”

Richardson could contain himself no longer. “But Lama, doesn’t this mean you’ve lost the codex. Won’t it go to the States now and be buried forever in a private collection?”

“You underestimate me, Mr Richardson,” the American interjected. “Lama Gampopa and I have a deal. He will translate the document for me and tell me the secret of Enlightenment, and I’ll gladly present the codex to the Tibetan community as a gift.”

Richardson gasped. Gampopa had done it, and without even dipping into his funds.

“And now Lama,” said Hiram urgently, “as a down-payment, just read out in English the part which contains the treasure — the greatest secret of all.”

Gampopa drew in an audible breath. “Very well, Hiram, my friend. I have already found the passage. I should warn you it is very profound and may seem a trifle obscure. But I assure you it contains the very essence of life itself.”

“But what does it say?” Hiram could barely restrain himself.

“It says: ‘Thus have I heard: there is a grain in all actions and in all things. Know the grain and follow it. Enlightenment will walk with you every step of the way.”

Hiram blinked.

Gampopa smiled inscrutably.

THE END

Copyright © John Evans 2010.

John Evans is the author of The Eternal Quest for Immortality: Is it staring you in the face?

Available from Amazon and all good book sellers.

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Saturday Ramble: For ever and a day

Immortality The conference season is over and I’m guessing we’ve all had enough of politics for now. I know I have … at least until the Sunday papers are out.

Instead of politics, I thought I would for a change regale you with another of my favourite subjects — immortality.

I knew you’d be pleased. It does affect you, you know. Yes, you.

On the 22nd of May, 2005, The Observer newspaper published an article by Ian Pearson, Head of the Futurology Unit at BT (British Telecom). It was titled: “2050 – and immortality is within our grasp.”

The indefatigable Pearson wrote, “If you draw the timelines, realistically by 2050 we would expect to be able to download your mind into a machine, so when you die it’s not a major career problem. … If you’re rich enough then by 2050 it’s feasible. If you’re poor you’ll probably have to wait until 2075 or 2080 when it’s routine. We are very serious about it. That’s how fast this technology is moving: 45 years is a hell of a long time in IT.”

But is downloading the contents of your brain to a computer, immortality? An alternative approach is to fix our bodies so that we live to 200. Strictly speaking that’s not immortality either, just a very long innings. Even so, some people would settle for it, despite the tedium of an almost endless dotage.

Other commentators believe we will become posthumans if we simply live long enough to understand all things. George Bernard Shaw wanted to exist for 300 years, convinced he would know everything by then. Many agree with him, even though it seems more like a fear of death than a step in the right direction. In the end he lived to a ripe 94, quite long enough for most people.

Interestingly, our psychology changes as we get older. The Swiss thinker and psychiatrist C.G. Jung realized that our deep mind prepares us for physical death with intimations of immortality. It acts as if we were going to live forever.

So what is immortality if not bodily survival? The gnostic Gospel of Thomas is quite clear: “Whoever discovers the interpretation of these sayings will not taste death. Those who seek should not stop seeking until they find. The kingdom is within you and it is outside you. Know what is in front of your face, and what is hidden from you will be disclosed to you.”

Nothing could be more explicit. And it’s your own choice, not a priesthood’s. The essence of those sayings is found in mystical practices all around the world. Another is: “Become a disciple of your own mind,” — Christianity bordering on Buddhism and modern psychology. These were the hidden books, not the ones redacted for popular consumption.

Here’s a proposition based on those insights — the universe exists solely for the evolution of consciousness, not physical evolution, as Darwin thought. Of course, bodily complexity would be expected to increase in step with the growing sophistication of consciousness.

Contrarily, the materialists of science insist that matter precedes mind. Some even believe that consciousness is a disease of matter. You don’t have to be Albert Einstein to spot that mind creates matter and must certainly precede it. Once that principle is grasped, anything is possible. Immortality is a piece of cake.

From: The Eternal Quest for Immortality: Is it staring you in the face by John Evans. Available soon for Christmas ordering.

John Evans

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Syntagma Books soft launched

A long delayed project, Syntagma Books, has finally been soft launched.

AASynBooks450

It replaces Dial Publishing, and its predecessor Hermitage Press, both of which produced distance-learning courses sold by mail order.

Syntagma Books is different, with a new set of subjects and objectives, including internet titles and more than a sprinkling of philosophy and psychology tomes.

We will also be using the latest publishing technologies to reduce the sickening two-year wait between copyedited text and finished book to less than three months.

Whether it goes beyond that into, for example, politics and macroeconomics remains to be seen. There’s a glut of political stuff being published now and a new publisher doesn’t want to be heading into an over-served marketplace.

To get the ball rolling, I’ve decided to publish two over-due works of my own, rolled into one.

For details, see the website: Syntagma Books,

John Evans


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